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Tight junctions cell “collar”, block large molecules, no lateral protein movement epithelial tissue (esp. Intercellular structures Desmosomes “spot welds”, dense proteins (cytoplasm & intercellular) fibers (intermediate filaments) extend across cells epithelial cells (especially skin), cardiac intercalated disks Tight junctions cell “collar”, block large molecules, no lateral protein movement epithelial cells Gap junctions cell-cell communication, small molecules (<1000 MWt) cardiac intercalated disks, smooth muscleĭesmosomes “spot welds”, dense proteins (cytoplasm & intercellular) fibers (intermediate filaments) extend across cells epithelial cells (especially skin), cardiac intercalated disks fig 3-10a Midwest Center for Structural Genomics and Structural Biology Center, Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.Phospholipid structure Amphipathic molecule (phosphatidyl choline) hydrophobic part: fatty acids hydrophilic part: phosphate & choline It was recently proposed that PlsX is a phosphate acyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of acyl-phosphate from the acyl-acyl carrier protein however the specific biochemical function of the PlsX protein awaits further experimental scrutiny.

This site showed strong surface similarity to epimerases and reductases. A putative catalytic site has been identified within a deep groove on the interface between monomers. PlsX is a alpha/beta/alpha sandwich that resembles a Rossmann fold and forms a dimer. We have determined the crystal structure of PlsX from the human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. The PlsX sequence homologues include both phosphate acetyltransferases and phosphate butaryltransferases that catalyze the transfer of an acetyl or butaryl group to orthophosphate. The protein is a member of a large, conserved protein family (Pfam02504) found exclusively in bacteria. The plsX gene is co-localized with a bacterial fab gene cluster which encodes several key fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes.

PlsX is a key enzyme that coordinates the production of fatty acids and membrane phospholipids.

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